The Use of Memory Essay - 1076 Words

The Use of Memory Memory is the vital tool in learning and thinking . We all use memory in our everyday lives. Think about the first time you ever tied your shoe laces or rode a bike; those are all forms of memory , long term or short. If you do not remember anything from the past , you would never learn; thus unable to process. Without memory you would simply be exposed to new and unfamiliar things . Life would be absent and bare of the richness of it happy or sorrow. Many scientists are still unsure of all that happens and what and how memory works. They are certain , though , that it is involvement of chemical changes in the brain which changes the physical structure (Loftus p. 392). It has been found after many†¦show more content†¦393). There are many questions to why people forget . Scientists still do not know exactly how people forget . Not surprisingly , people forget more and more as time progresses. The chief explanations for forgetting include interference, retrieval, failure , motivated forgetting, and constructive processes (Loftus p. 393). Interference occurs when the remembering of certain learned material blocks the memory of other learned material (Loftus p. 393). Retrieval failure is the inability to recall material or data that has been stored (Loftus p. 393). An example of this is when you try to think of a certain date or number , but fail to remember . Later it will come naturally without any effort. The third reason is a loss of memory caused by conscious or unconscious desires called motivated forgetting (Stevenson p. 393). Scientists believe that many of us forget in purpose because we choose to. Motivated forgetting is closely related to a process motivated by the needs and wishes of the individual called regression (Memory p. 33). A very good example is when people gamble. When people gamble they choose to remember all the times that they have won , and not the times that they lose. The last explanation of forgetting is constructive process. This is involves the unconscious invention of false memories . Memories became systematically distorted or changed over a long periodShow MoreRelatedUse Or Lose Memory?1671 Words   |  7 PagesUse or Lose Memory Memory is a fickle part of a person’s genetic makeup. It plays a very important role in person’s life. It not only helps a person develop, but it also helps people with coping with stress. As a person continues to grow and age, memory can be influenced by many factors such as: nutrition, sleep, medication, as well as physical and mental exercise. Unfortunately, both short-term and long-term memory can be lost as a person ages due to the atrophy of brain matter, specifically greyRead MoreThe Use Of Hippocampal Neurons On Memory3163 Words   |  13 PagesAbstract: Optogenetics has been used to show that activating a specific ensemble of hippocampal neurons that contribute to a memory engram can erase or even alter a memory. The purpose of the study was to use optogenetics and the addition of an external stimuli to try and create a false memory. Neurons of mice were labeled with a light-sensitive channel during the exploration of a safe room. Mice were then placed in a new room and given foot shocks while simultaneously using light pulses to activateRead MoreThe Use Of Adaptive Pressure On Our Memory1485 Words   |  6 Pagesur memory still contain traces from our evolutionary past? To what extent do our operating abilities involving memory, still prescribe to our distant ancestral selection pressures? These questions have all been considered, however, the role of adaptive pressures on our memory, have just began to be studied further by memory researchers. Scholars have attempted to study how our current memory processing capabilities could have been tailored to achieve specific outcomes from our instinctual past. ThisRead MoreUse Of Test Context Dependent Memory946 Words   |  4 PagesThe purpose of this study was to test context-dependent memory, which refers to a pattern where recall is improved when the environment of recall is the same as the environment of learning. To study context-dependent memory, psychologists conducted two experiments. One experiment required divers to learn a list of words either underwater or on land. These divers then had to recall the list of words either in the same environment or the alternative environment. The second experiment tested whetherRead MoreUse Of Memory And Dreams During The Romantic Era1248 Words   |  5 Pagesand creativity is part of the many influences that attribute to the writings in the Romantic Era. It influenced writers and poets to expand their art to a new horizons and veer away from the Enlightenment Era of tradition and logic. The use and significance of m emory and dreams in the Romantic Era helped strengthen the inner emotions within writings, present ideas outside of traditional expectancies, and display the authors creativity and individuality throughout their writings. These works have resonatedRead MoreThe Effects Of Drug Use On Memory And Neuropsychological Function1305 Words   |  6 Pagesany given point, the average individual experiences a temporary lapse in memory resulting in the inability to recall details of information (i.e. forgetting). The working memory, or short-term memory, is often more sharp in recalling the details of an experience whereas long-term memory is usually a little less detailed due to decay, displacement, or interference (Memory Psychology, 2016, p.1). The functional use of memory gives people the ability to carry out tasks and recall important pieces ofRead MoreUsing Windows Uses A Flat Memory Model1746 Words   |  7 PagesEach process started on x86 version of Windows uses a flat memory model that ranges from 0x00000000 – 0xFFFFFFFF. The lower half of the memory, 0x00000000 – 0x7FFFFFFF, is reserved for user space code.While the upper half of the memory, 0x80000000 – 0xFFFFFFFF, is reserved for the kernel code. The Windows operating system also doesn’t use the segmentation (well actually it does, because it has to), but the segment table contains segment descriptors that use the entire linear address space. There areRead MoreHeaneys Use of Childhood Memories in The Death Of A Naturalist996 Words   |  4 PagesHeaneys Use of Childhood Memories in The Death Of A Naturalist Seamus Heaney is an Irish poet who was born in April 1939 and still lives today. Seamus Heaney was a very bright boy who as a country boy attended local primary schools and colleges to gain scholarships at Colleges. At college Heaney was taught Latin and Irish and moved on to Queens University in Belfast. In the course of his career Seamus Heaney has always contributed to the promotions of artistic and educationalRead MoreUse Of The Serial Position Effect On Test Of The Stage Theory Of Memory1622 Words   |  7 PagesThe aim of the experiment was to use the serial position effect to test some predictions of the stage theory of memory. It was hypothesised that with an increase in delay, there will be a decrease in recall of words from the end of the lists. The second hypothesis of the experiment was that with an increase in delay, there will be little difference in the number of words recalled from the start of the lists. Thirty psychology students were presented with 8 trials, each consisting of 15 words followedRead MoreExplain the Use of Memory Systems on Strengthening Your Studying Area(S)?1173 Words   |  5 Pages[Room: ST 707] Explain the use of memory systems on strengthening your studying area(s)? Ng Yan Kin Department of Civil engineering The Hong Kong Polytechnic University 12098159d Abstract This paper is about exploring the use of memory system on strengthening study areas. In the paper, literatures are used to reveal the basic knowledge and functions of memory system like forms of memory as well as some memory techniques and ways that can help enhancing

Democracy Plays A Major Role Americans Everyday Life

Democracy plays a major role Americans’ everyday life. Democracy is a type of government where a person can stand up for what they believe in and not be scared. This form of government has helped with schools, health services, and infrastructures. However, Thailand, Egypt, and Saudi Arabia are all third world countries that seem to have failed with this form of government. There are many key points to maintaining a strong democracy government for instance a government needs a strong military to enforce the law, and a separation of powers. The real question is what’s so important about this â€Å"democracy† and what does it truly mean? Well, â€Å"democracy† is defined as democracy is â€Å"a government in which the supreme power is vested in the people and exercised by them directly or indirectly through a system of representation usually involving periodically held free elections† (Merriam-Webster s Learner s Dictionary). Therefore, the people are included in the elections and by electing they are able to have a say in who they would like to become president. However, a democracy government is much more than that. It not only gives the people power over the government by majority rule, but it also gives the people freedom. The people here in the U.S. feel safe because here, everyone is equal regardless of race, gender, or their religious beliefs. Also, the people enjoy having a say or a voice in what is going on in their country. The people are the ones’ who benefit most from democr acy,Show MoreRelatedThe New Psychology: Early Physiological and Experimental Psychology and Structuralism1433 Words   |  6 Pagessubject matter of psychology? 2. What methods should psychology use to approach the subjects it studies? 3. What do you expect will be your most lasting contribution to the field of psychology? 4. What do you consider to be an appropriate role for the field of psychology in society? 5. What particular personal challenges or characteristics, or conditions in the society and the profession of psychology had the greatest impact upon your development as a psychologist? Read MoreCharacter Helped Shape America901 Words   |  4 Pagesconscious, political identity, creation of values, philosophies shape the American character. It cannot not be denied that the creation of this nation was brought by a mixture of cultures, but the main characteristic have an ideological foundation of America because the situation of the originals colonists. Gleason points out that American Identity, even started off with British roots â€Å"because the great majority of Americans shared language, literature, religion and other cultural traditions† (59)Read MoreAnalysis of the Article Who Shall I Be?1631 Words   |  7 Pagesthat one cannot change although hiding what they were in the past or hiding what they dont like about themselves works. A student remains in a transition mode going through various good or bad experiences looking for that attractive clean slate. The life of high school is difficult as students tend to label other students and these labels may not represent the truth. There is a crisis of identity and time at college adds to this disorientation, students looking for a fresh start try to put on a likableRead MoreInternational Politics : Mid Term Exam724 Words   |  3 PagesInternational Relations. Use concrete examples to support your claims. 3. What national values and beliefs contribute to defining American Interests? What linkage can be drawn between these and our behavior abroad? 4. Can there eventually be Arab-Israeli peace? How? What role can the United States play in the peace process? 5. What is the relationship between democracy and economics? Why has the Global South tended toward socialism and statism? Taylor Bullock International PoliticsRead MoreSociological Theories And The Structural Functional Theory1356 Words   |  6 PagesSociological Theories: Compare and Contrast The Structural-Functional theory definition: Two theorist who were major contributors to the structural functional theory where Herbert Spencer and Robert Merton. Also known as functionalism, it is a framework for building theory that views society as a complex system whose parts work together to promote stability and solidarity. Important concepts in the perspective of functionalism include social structure, social functions, latent functions and manifestRead MoreRacial Formation Within Hegemony And Common Sense1673 Words   |  7 Pagesunderstanding race and how it can be established and seen to be the answer through the concept of hegemony within the racial cultures. Society needs to understand racial combination within each race, then understand how the force and the consent plays a major role within each party or community in the United States of America. Now, in the title, â€Å"A More Perfect Union,† author Barack Obama emphasizes that race has diverse stories in which it proves that we still hold common hope s in understanding societyRead MoreThe Lesson By Toni Cade Bambara1552 Words   |  7 PagesThroughout the years knowledge and culture has been passed down within generations. Elders within the community often teach life lessons to the young adults growing up in the neighborhood. This idea still holds true today, especially in low-income communities. People from different socioeconomic backgrounds live different lifestyles they also have different opportunities made available to them. Because of this idea, people with a higher social standing have an advantage over those in lower classRead MoreFrancis Fukuyama s The End Of History985 Words   |  4 PagesLife of Ideology, Life of Conflict: Francis Fukuyama and Samuel Huntington In Francis Fukuyama s â€Å"The End of History?† published in 1989, he posits that with the end of the Cold War, humanity is reaching a point where Western liberal democracy and economic structure is the highest form of ideological development. Other ideologies (communism, fascism, etc.) are vestigial forms of thinking destined to fail and disappear in an inevitable progression towards a liberal system (Fukuyama 1989). In â€Å"TheRead MoreReligion : The United States And The European Union1648 Words   |  7 Pagesaspect of our lives and governs both our individual and collective life (Hajizadeh, 2013). Religion plays an integral role in every country whether it is a third-world country, such as some African or Middle Eastern countries, or industrialized capitalist countries like the United States and the European Union. Over the past few decades many global events have brought religion’s growing influence over society, especially its role in affecting politics (Haji zadeh, 2013). The biggest religious event/influenceRead MoreMedia Influences On American Culture1723 Words   |  7 PagesMedia Influenced in American Culture Back in the 1920s people had receive news and entertainment through the radio, which then in turn out-shined newspapers and magazines. Now day’s social media sites have become the most popular form to get the news and information. The biggest tool in the media that generates revenue by the millions every day, is advertising. The media has its way of showing us constructive information when it comes to news channels, travel and other educational shows. Kids benefit

Christian Universities Vs Christian Education - 1602 Words

Christian colleges and universities offer drastically different educational, social, and spiritual benefits compared to public colleges and universities, and I believe the differences are in favour of Christian higher education. A primary impact being that Christianity can be taught without backlash, as well as the lack of atheistic and other non-Christian beliefs to interfere and challenge the Christian beliefs already instilled in Christian students. Also, rather than having distinct clubs and student led organizations dedicated to God and the Bible, God is the strongest focus in every sport, club, organization, and classroom. I would like to acknowledge the views those in opposition to attending a Christian university might offer as well as refute those views. Moving on to the educational differences, I would like to start with the obvious: God is involved in the education at Christian universities with a strong influence. Often, classes will begin with a prayer. Professors tend to as God for guidance for the students as they listen and for themselves as they teach, so that nothing heretical is said in the lesson, and so that the students can remain focused and open to new ideas. I attended a public university for one semester, and in that semester, there was barely any mention of God in a classroom, and there was definitely no prayer to open our hearts and minds to what we were going to learn. Another benefit in the education at a Christian colleges is how every lessonShow MoreRelatedThe Church s Vision For Education1216 Words   |  5 Pagesinvolved in education at all? The answer to this question seeks to enable our teachers and leaders to understand what they’re doing in terms of the education they are providing. We need to present a more theological vision for education. Education is more than conditioning people to become efficient units of economic production which seems to be the prevailing narrative around education at the moment. The Christian values and practices are affected by the widespread of modern secular education. The occurrenceRead MoreThe Call, Os Guinness1490 Words   |  6 PagesIn his book, â€Å"The Call† Os Guinness presents the biblical definition of calling for the Christian. Guinness brings clarity to what true Biblical calling is, and how it should affect our lives. Guinness presents the skewed modern conception of calling, that is not at all biblical, and shatters its ideas. Throughout â€Å"The Call†, Guinness explains how calling should transform our lives, and influence everything that we do. Guinness explains that there are two different types of calling that work together;Read MoreThe Call, Os Guinness1497 Words   |  6 PagesMajor Essay #3 In his book, â€Å"The Call† Os Guinness presents the biblical definition of calling for the Christian. Guinness brings clarity to what true Biblical calling is, and how it should affect our lives. Guinness present the skewed modern conception of calling, that is not at all biblical, and shatters its ideas. Throughout â€Å"The Call†, Guinness explains how calling should transform our lives, and influence everything that we do. Guinness explains that there are two different types of callingRead MoreThe Debate Between Evolution and Creationism1648 Words   |  7 PagesIf the question was posed as to what is the debate between creationism vs. evolution consist of, the thought that it is ‘â€Å"God did it† vs. â€Å"Natural processes did it,†Ã¢â‚¬â„¢ (Scott, 2004) may arise. Science cannot absolutely prove or disprove Creation or Evolution. Yet scientist and the remainder of society use creationism and evolution to prove our existence. Creationist be lieve in the Christian account of the origin as recorded in Genesis. Creationism is the belief that statements such as â€Å"In the beginningRead MoreDeath Of A Social Work1648 Words   |  7 PagesThe First Amendment guarantees freedoms concerning religion, expression, assembly and the right to petition. In the case of religion and expression, there is a case that highlights both. In 2001, Emily Brooker attended Missouri State University in pursuit of a Social Work degree. In the fall of 2005, Emily was a senior and was faced with making the pressing decision to complete an assignment or fight for her First Amendment rights. She ultimately chose to fight with the help of prominent attorneysRead MoreCalvins Epistemology Essay1591 Words   |  7 PagesBirth and childhood B. Schooling and further education C. Early works and accomplishments II. How is it possible to know anything? III. John Calvin A. brief introduction of the Institutes B. Calvin’s theory of epistemology 1. Humans have a natural awareness of God. a. our minds b. nature 2. knowledge of God a. requires holiness b. requires knowledge of self 3. knowledge of Self requires knowledge of God a. man in comparison to God b. evil vs. good IV. Conclusion John Calvin, born inRead MoreDeveloping a Christian Worldview of Spiritual Formation and Growth2200 Words   |  9 PagesDeveloping a Christian Worldview of Spiritual Formation and Growth Liberty University Abstract This paper looks at how spiritual formation and growth can develop through a person’s lifetime. The goal is to show how modern day human development theories relate to Christlike living. Erikson’s developmental theory and Kohlberg’s moral development theory both give a guide to maturity in a secular worldview. By looking at Jesus’ Sermon on the Mount, we can see God’s directions to living a ChristlikeRead MoreRacial Tensions Between Colored Americans And White Americans1459 Words   |  6 PagesAmericans. Colored Americans were denied equal access to education, jobs, and voting. After decades of oppression, the colored Americans felt worn out, and had already been through enough, and were finally ready to fight for change. Although the civil rights movement was supported mostly by the colored Americans, many white Americans were also ready for change. The interpretation of the civil rights era was modeled by the Brown vs. Board of education case, the imperative speech by John F. Kennedy, andRead MoreAthletes And Non Athletes.1483 Words   |  6 Pageswe are going to explore the comparisons between being an athlete and a non-athlete, at Abilene Christian University. The disadvantages and the advantages will also be examine, along wit their success in Graduation rates and growth as a person. REVIEW OF LITERATURE Most of these individuals are recruited with higher expectations compared to other students. The main goal is to be able to balance education and participate in athletics at the college level. If an athlete is not able to fulfill these requirementsRead MoreCoaching Interviews : Common Threads1079 Words   |  5 PagesCoaching Interviews: Common Threads – Different but Yet the Same When I reflect on the beginning of my journey as a Christian, I fondly recall the warm and secure blanket of love and guidance I received from Ms. Mackey, a well-seasoned member of my church congregation. She took me under her wings, and provided me with a safe haven where I could glean from her wisdom, experience and become motivated to serve. Eventually, I was mature enough to fly away; and, fly away I did! This was one of the best

Opportunities for Women in the Military An Informative...

INFORMATION SPEECH Opportunities for WOMEN IN THE MILITARY [Student name] [Instructor name] DATE Opportunities for WOMEN IN THE MILITARY INTRODUCTION Information speech is unlike the convincing speech. It offers information on a topic based on facts and not just supposition. It is unlike convincing people to go for red or the pink shirt rather telling them which one is better in terms of price and the quality. This paper is a speech about military opportunities for women that tell what historic role women have played in military, war and combat and that role can be advanced today to suit the requirements of 21st century. THESIS STATEMENT Are there fair and just opportunities for women in American Military? OUTLINE OF SPEECH Introduction Women population Historic role of women in military Women in American military Recruitment and Promotion opportunities Gender discrimination in Military Discussion on women SEALS Why to broaden the opportunities for women Women in combat SPEECH No doubt, the 20th century laid great foundation for the fights for equal gender rights that led to women enrollment in different areas of life. It was a great entry in 21st century to have total human population on the board without segregation of gender, races and ethnicity at least in papers. Yet, there is a lot more to be done particularly when it comes to rights of women in active areas of life. In the 20th century, initially the women rightsShow MoreRelatedThe Woman Card Was Written By Jill Lepore 27 Essay1609 Words   |  7 Pagesvery educated in politics, and I find her articles to be very well researched and informative. Her articles seem to be relevant to everyone in general, she wants the readers to be informed and make educated opinions. Lepore likes to talk about the past and contrast it to the present. This is a very great way to inform readers of the history and sacrifices women had to go through to get where we are today. The women s party has only been around 100 ye ars, this year, and without it, our country wouldRead MoreCommunity Health Presentation : Caring For Our Veterans3541 Words   |  15 Pagestreatment. Also included is a most helpful table of websites that offer educational materials, tools, and services for veterans. Civilian health care providers need to have an understanding of military culture, an ability to listen and respond without being judgmental, and respect for a veteran’s military service. These are qualities that will likely increase the willingness of veterans to obtain health care in a non- VA setting. Nursing care information for veterans with mild traumatic brain injuryRead MoreThe Effect of World War One on Civilian Life Essay2765 Words   |  12 Pageswas responsible for many technological and medical advances, these advances include the mass-production of the wireless and the discovery of penicillin. As a result of the conflict and the majority of men going off to fight, the role of women improved dramatically, from being the typical housewife and being subject and expected of a very domestic lifestyle, they found that during the war they had to take over the mens roles, which involved them going out to work in factoriesRead MoreThe Year 1000 By Robert Lacey And Danny Danziger3776 Words   |  16 PagesThe Year 1000 by Robert Lacey and Danny Danziger offers a delightful, often astonishing portrait of everyday life in Anglo-Saxon England in the year 1000. This very informative book, describes what life was like that the turn of the first millennium. The Anglo-Saxons, a practical, self-contained, fervently superstitious people, were 99% illiterate, yet their language would become their most widespread legacy. Compared to modern day times, people are almost the opposite from the Anglo-Saxons. ThereRead MoreAnalysis of Escape from Camp 142245 Words   |  9 Pagesbelieved his home was a living hell, but Shin didn’t know what a hell was, he had never heard the word love until after he had escaped and made it in to South Korea. Escape from Camp 14 8-â€Å"After Shin was assigned to the garment factory, where opportunities to find or steal extra food were particularly meager, his father had gone to the extraordinary trouble of obtaining the rice flour and sending it to his son as a paternal offering. Shin was repulsed by his father’s gift and, although hungry, gaveRead MoreAlevels Sociology3511 Words   |  15 Pagesthat were raised by wolves. In the latter, two sisters were abandoned by their mother at birth and left to fend for themselves in the jungle. They were picked up and cared for by wolves. These girls had no idea of how to smile, cry, communicate in speech or even recognise humans. This shows quite clearly that even the basics of what we humans perceived to be present at birth is actually learnt through socialisation. However, new evidence shows that babies do smile and even cry in the womb, meaningRead More Myth of Propaganda in the Balkans and Rwanda Essay6707 Words   |  27 PagesSerbs— analogous to Jerusalem for the Jews— only to be usurped by the Ottoman Empire, Milosevic set his sights on Kosovo to advance his nationalist agenda, famously declaring to the 10% minority Kosovo Serbs, â€Å"no one will ever beat you again!† His speech in 1989 on the 600 year anniversary of the battle at Kosovo Polje, or â€Å"the Field of Blackbirds,† was the cornerstone to the myth he helped build about the Serbs claim to Kosovo. The myth refers to an elected Serbian prince, Prince Lazar, who was givenRead MoreBus C110 Legal Environment of Business4571 Words   |  19 PagesMyanmar by its military rulers). What political rights do you have th at the average Burmese citizen does not?   Post your response. Having an authoritarian government, the people of Burma face intense control by the government with limited, if any, elections or choices. The people must show complete obedience to the government to avoid harsh and usually unjust consequences. While my democratic government posses strong authoritarian elements, I still have the power to vote, freedom of speech, right toRead MorePeculiarities of Euphemisms in English and Difficulties in Their Translation19488 Words   |  78 Pageswith the help of words, mimes, gestures, Manners of communication have a great meaning too. It’s Not What You Say, It’s How You Say It. Double talk is a language deliberately constructed to disguise its actual meaning, usually from government, military. It is a newspaper language. It is devoted to the investigation connected with the different approaches to the classification of idioms, their structural and semantic characteristics. Read MoreInstructive Text Types11631 Words   |  47 Pagessituation-depend reference * Overt expression of persuasion * Abstract versus non-abstract style In dimension 1 are the one hand interactive and affective discourse types, like conversations and personal letters, and, on the other hand highly informative texts, like editorials and academic prose. The types are characterized by the presence or absence of a set of features. In dimension 2, narrative texts-with, among other features, many past-tense verbs and third-person pronouns-are distinguished

Multimedia Database An Tool For Proper Organization Of...

1.0 MOTIVATION In 21st century the entertainment has a huge toll on the people s industrious life. After their hectic work schedules they started seeking entertainment in different ways. The one form of entertainment is multimedia such as music, TV shows, movies, video games etc... There comes the significance of multimedia database, which is a fundamental tool for proper organization of multimedia entertainment. 2.0 INTRODUCTION Multimedia database is a powerful platform to organize and structure every day multimedia data. Traditionally, a database contains collection of data related to a given entity, while a database management system, or DBMS, is a collection of interrelated data with set of programs used to define, create,†¦show more content†¦3.0 DEFINITIONS 3.0.1 Multimedia database: A Multimedia database is a collection of related multimedia data. The multimedia data include one or more primary data types such as text, images, graphic objects(includes drawings, sketches and illustrations) animation sequences, audio and video.[w] 3.0.2 Multimedia database management system(MMDBMS ): A Multimedia Database Management System (MMDBMS) is a framework that manages different types of data potentially represented in a wide diversity of formats on a wide array of media sources. It provides support for multimedia data types, and facilitate for creation, storage, access, query and control of a multimedia database.[w] 4.0 NATURE OF MULTIMEDIA DATA The amalgamation of multimedia data types from numerous sources uniquely characterizes multimedia information systems. The data types found in a typical multimedia database include: ïÆ'Ëœ Text. ïÆ'Ëœ Graphic objects (drawings, sketches and 3D objects). ïÆ'Ëœ Images (black and white, color, photographs, paintings and maps). ïÆ'Ëœ Animation sequences (images or graphic objects, independently generated). ïÆ'Ëœ Video (also a sequence of images, but typically recording a real-life event and usually produced by a video recorder). ïÆ'Ëœ Audio (generated from a hearing device). ïÆ'Ëœ Composite multimedia (constituted from a combination of two or more of the above data types, such as an intermix of audio and video with a textual annotation). ïÆ'Ëœ The characteristics and comparison s of

Labeling - Packaging and Country of Origin An Essay

Question: Describe about An Essay Labeling, Packaging and Country of Origin. Answer: Labeling, Packaging and Country of Origin Australia The subject of marketing is multi faceted and there are number of components which go together on to make a marketing campaign effective. Marketing is a perennial process and continues to work for a company. It is important to mention that most of the bigger companies focus on working on different marketing strategies in order to gain competitive advantage in the market. There are different strategies which are being used by the leading multinational companies and this has helped them to understand the nerve of the market effectively (Berry et al., 2015). Marketing has also become one of the key subjects for the companies nowadays since there is also an aspect of ethics which work to make marketing campaigns successful. Packaging, labeling and country of origin has become some of the key aspects not only for marketing but also to establish one company as a brand (Kaynak et al., 2000). In the wake of the internet civilisation and the introduction of numerous other technologies common mass have become highly informed as well as ethical in purchasing their regular items and hence it becomes extremely important that labeling, packaging and country of origin is discussed effectively (Murphy, 2010). What has made labeling, packaging so important for companies nowadays? It is one concept that most of the management researchers and scholars have researched upon in the recent past and the answer to it is ethical consumerism. The concept of ethical consumerism is not completely different and is interwoven with the development of the packaging, labeling concepts. It is important to note that the concept of labeling and packaging has become essential and is given paramount importance by a lot of contemporary companies (Lencucha Drope, 2015). In Australia some of the bigger organisations like Coles which has been now taken over by the biggest company in Australia that is Wesfarmers, Woolworths Ltd et cetera all have focused on getting effective packaging in order to make good impression among the consumers. Packaging and labeling has become key issue for the company since nowadays consumers have become highly concerned about the environment and hence the concept of green packaging and labeling has come in the market. While packaging has been there in existence for more than centuries but labeling has emerged as important in the recent past (Spielmann, 2015). One of the new concepts which the consumers are now concerned with is the country of origin. Country of origin is basically the information about the food which the consumers want to know. It could be said that in the recent past this has become another key aspect which the companies has to focus on as consumers have become highly concerned about the daily items they purchase and all the information relevant to the product they are purchasing. With the increasing concerns for making businesses green and with consumers becoming highly concerned there are number of issues that have emerged in the regarding packaging, labeling and country of origin and the present study will take an opportunity to discuss these issues in this study (Lencucha Drope, 2015). There are some key issues that have rose to the occasion in the recent past regarding packaging, labeling. It is important to mention that with the world undergoing globalisation the world has faced number of crisis and one of the biggest problems is pollution (Lupien., 2005). This issue has emerged as initially packaging was not taken seriously. Plastic has always been the preferred material for packaging and this has been one of the key issues. Plastic is a material is a poor quality carbon material which affects the environment badly and eliminating this substance from use has been one of the problems for the company as it is one of the easiest way of packaging and also comes cheap (Gracia de-Magistris, 2016). Since packaging is one of the ways the consumers are attracted by the companies it is given paramount importance nowadays, and with the focus of attracting consumers companies often forget to be sustainable with the packaging systems. In the recent past there have been prob lems with packaging and hence the Australian Government has become proactive in eliminating the issues with packaging and make sure that the packaging is sustainable, green and favorable for the environment. Ethics has always been related to packaging problems (Smith, 2015). Another key issue that is related to packaging is the thought process of the company. Most of the companies nowadays try to lure customers with posh packaging and as well as labeling but often consumers are deceived with the products. Often what is exhibited through packaging is not given to customers and this is one of the key issues that have to be eliminated in order to get that much needed trust of the consumers (Skaczkowski et al., 2016). Nowadays consumers not only want to see effective packaging but also want freshness of the foods and often through packaging the consumers are cheated and hence this will have to be worked upon. Often to create brand, packaging is used to establish that but in order to compete in the market companies in Australia have failed to keep that promise. Recently this problem has become a key problem as the companies have not been able to handle it. On the other hand labeling has become one of the key marketing techniques especially through the labeling in the packaged products (Miller et al., 2016). Companies like Woolworths, Coles and Dick Smith Electronics have all focused on labeling their products effectively through which they have been able to attract consumers effectively. The present Australian Labeling law does not even allow the consumers to know all the information regarding the product which is also a key ethical issue (Del Giudice et al., 2016). The companies often fail to prov ide all the information which is a strategy that often misleads customers. These companies develop the graphics, labels and safety is not exhibited. For instance in Beverages sold in the stores do not share the information regarding the nutritional content, its size et cetera which is hardly displayed. This not only affects the consumers as it creates significant questions regarding the transparency of the companies. On the other hand it also poses serious threat to the safety as the packaging is focused on looking great but not securing the product and its supply (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2012). In the recent past in Australia the attribute of origin of the country and environmental safety is stated as one of the biggest problems for marketers. Environmental issues with the packaging is companies in Australia in fact most of the companies in the world state the product is environment friendly but often the products do not have environment friendly attribute which is completely a wrong way to advertise a product and this is pretty common nowadays ( Van Sickle et al., 2003). In order to compete in the market the companies have failed to put up a good show with the material that they use for packing products. Plastic and paper are two mostly used components for packing and when on one side plastic is a non decomposable substance, on the other hand constant deforestation taking place for paper creation is also a problem (Nickxenophon.com.au, 2016). There have been number of initiatives that have been taken to stop this but when the organisations are not taking it seriously. Wast e products created through this kind of packaging creates trouble for effective waste management programs. In certain occasions the companies are not able to handle the ethical dilemma of packaging as in the recent times the consumers in Australia have become a concerned and aware. Origin of country of a product is not exhibited is a big offense which some companies including Woolworths have faced in the recent past. The origin of country in the labeling helps the consumers to let know where the product is actually from. In Australian Labeling law there is no clause which allows the consumers to know where the product is coming from (Skaczkowski et al., 2016). Under the current product law in Australia a product could be described as Made in Australia if around 51% of the product is transformed in Australia which includes packaging as well which means if a beverage has 90% liquid concentrate from Brazil or USA or UK it doesnt create any problem. As per Australian Competition and Con sumer Commission it is a legal offense to mislead consumers regarding origin of the country but it has been a consistent problem and issue (Carter et al., 2006). Hence it could be said that the key issues that is related to packaging and labeling are mainly ethical issues which some companies deliberately or some of them unintentionally do in order to grab customer attention and this has been a prevalent problem in Australia which has to be handled with strict laws and legislations (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2012). To conclude the essay it is important to mention that Australian Competition and Consumer Commission has been optimistic with their initiatives for instance the organisation has laid down defined new labeling and country of origin strategy which is likely to change the scenario in the country regarding this prevalent problem related to issues of packaging and labeling and country of origin (Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2012). Hence finally it is important that since the market has grown rapidly and consumers have also become ethical it is important for the companies working in Australia to handle their labeling, packaging and country of origin successfully to gain competitive advantage (Goldsmith, 2016). References Berry, C., Mukherjee, A., Burton, S. and Howlett, E., 2015. A COOL effect: The direct and indirect impact of country-of-origin disclosures on purchase intentions for retail food products.Journal of Retailing,91(3), pp.533-542. Del Giudice, T., La Barbera, F., Vecchio, R. and Verneau, F., 2016.Anti-Waste Labeling and Consumer Willingness to Pay.Journal of International Food Agribusiness Marketing,28(2), pp.149-163. Goldsmith, E.B., 2016.Consumer economics: Issues and behaviors. Routledge. Gracia, A. and de-Magistris, T., 2016. Consumer preferences for food labeling: What ranks first?.Food Control,61, pp.39-46. Lencucha, R. and Drope, J., 2015. Plain packaging: an opportunity for improved international policy coherence?.Health promotion international,30(2), pp.281-290 Miller, S., Driver, T., Saunders, C. and Dalziel, P., 2016. High Value Nutrition: Country of Origin. Murphy, P.E., 2010. Marketing, Ethics of.Wiley Encyclopedia of Management. Skaczkowski, G., Durkin, S., Kashima, Y. and Wakefield, M., 2016. The effect of packaging, branding and labeling on the experience of unhealthy food and drink: A review.Appetite,99, pp.219-234. Smith, S.A., 2015.Evaluating Consumer Response to Environmental Labels on Packaging Using Eye-Tracking(Doctoral dissertation, Virginia Tech). Spielmann, N., 2015. Anything but typical: how consumers evaluate origin products based on their cues.International Journal of Wine Business Research,27(1), pp.23-39. Grure, G.P. and Rao, S.R., 2007.A review of international labeling policies of genetically modified food to evaluate Indias proposed rule. COUNTRY OF ORIGIN In-text:(Australian Competition and Consumer Commission, 2012) Your Bibliography:Australian Competition and Consumer Commission. (2012).Country of origin. [online] Available at: https://www.accc.gov.au/consumers/groceries/country-of-origin [Accessed 21 Aug. 2016]. OOD LABELLING SCANDAL | NICK XENOPHON - INDEPENDENT SENATOR FOR SOUTH AUSTRALIA In-text:(Nickxenophon.com.au, 2016) Your Bibliography:Nickxenophon.com.au. (2016).Food Labelling Scandal | Nick Xenophon - Independent Senator for South Australia. [online] Available at: https://www.nickxenophon.com.au/campaigns/food-labelling-scandal/ [Accessed 21 Aug. 2016].

Challenges And Solution For United Petroleum Seaton

Question: Describe about the Challenges And Solution For United Petroleum Seaton. Answer: Background and Project Problems United Service Station is an Australian petrol and convenience company that offers premium quality fuels at competitive prices. United Petroleum is among the fastest growing firms in Australia. The company deals with the wholesale and retail sale of fuel, ethanol generation, and convenience stores all over the country. Moreover, the company creates employment for over 2,500 Australian citizens (Unitedpetroleum.com.au, 2016). The company was established in 1993 with a chain of convenience stores in South Australia but subsequently expanded its services to the rest of Australia. This project will focus on United Petroleum Seaton station analyze its challenges and the recommended solutions. United Petroleum Seaton faces challenges due to increased competition that has led to shrinking profits margins. According to Corrigan, (2016) the energy section is very volatile industry due to the unpredictability of the global oil prices. Ideally, economic weakness, alternative forms of energy, tough fuel regulations, and development of efficient engines contribute to the problems faced by United Petroleum Seaton. In addition to this, the discovery of new reserves and regions affects the market due to surplus supply to a diminishing demand. According to the United States Energy Information Administration, the amount of oil supply in the year 2014 was twice the global consumption (Aip.com.au, 2016). Expected Outcomes This project intends to find out the factors that contribute to the decreasing profits and shrinking margins of United Petroleum Seaton. Thus, at its completion, the projects can offer solutions on how to make the internal operation of the company efficient, productive, and cost effective. Moreover, the projects can offer the company with other development options based on its income and capability. In addition to this, the projects intend to increase the productivity of the company through cutting the cost of operations and increasing productivity. Expected Benefits The major benefits expected at the completion of this project include; 13 percentage increase in productivity Reduction in the cost of production 15 percentage increase in market share The effectiveness of the projects can be assessed by checking the productivity of the company, analyzing the cost of production, and comparing the profit margins of the company. According to Sullivan, (2011) internal efficiency can enable a company establish a compensation scheme that is in lie with the current trends in the market and other factors that can minimize cost and increase the productivity of the firm. Project Plan Before the start of the project, the researcher will seek permission from the company to conduct an analysis of its internal operations. After getting permission, the researcher will design the procedure for analysis of the operations and external environment of the company (half a week). Then the researcher will request for internal operations data and procedures for the company (half a week). Conduct an internal analysis of the internal operations in united petroleum Seaton to ascertain the problems associated with the internal operations of the company. The internal analysis of operations can take up to one week. After internal analysis, the researcher will conduct an external environment analysis, which can also take up to one and half weeks. Then the researcher will interview the manager and head of departments to find out their development aims and how they aim to achieve them. The interviews will take a week. The researcher will then analyze the information using techniques like MOST analysis, PEST analysis, and SWOT analysis to design recommendations and solutions for the company. The analysis can take up to one week. Methodology This project will utilize qualitative research design to investigate the factors affecting the productivity of United Petroleum Seaton and the solutions to the outlined problems. A qualitative research design is usually based on social constructivism in that it entails a small number of samples and data collection is conducted using observation, interviews, archival materials, and analysis certain attribute of the subject of investigation. Moreover, qualitative research design can allow the researcher collect statistical data and relevant information, and interview respondents to get an insight of the problem (Ortiz, 2007). This study will utilize interviews to collect data because interviews can enable the researcher understand the operations of the company from the managers and head of departments who will participate in the study. Analysis The analysis of internal business process will be conducted using the most analysis. This analytical tool analyzes four factors namely, mission, objectives, strategies, tactics. The mission analysis will be conducted by comparing the progress of the company with its set goals to find out if any improvements can be made to make the company more productive. The objective analysis will be conducted by analyzing the goals the company wishes to attain in the market. This can help the researcher ascertain if the company has realistic goals in the market. The strategies analysis will be conducted by analyzing the methods utilized by the company to achieve its goals in the market. This can help the researcher find out if the business is productive to its capacity. Lastly, the tactics analysis will be conducted by analyzing the methods the company to gain a competitive advantage in the market, which includes marketing and product differentiation among other tactics. Additionally, the researcher will utilize the Political, Economic, Social, and Technological (PEST) analysis to analyze the external environment of the company. The PEST analysis will outline the factors that affect the strategies of the company outside the business. Moreover, it is a determinant of the internal strategies of the company since the company must adhere to them while creating its mission, goals and strategies in the market. Political environment: The political environment analysis can enable the researcher to understand the political and legal factors that affect the productivity and progress of the company. Economic environment: This analysis outlines the economic factors that influence the operations of the company. Socio-cultural environment: this analysis outlines factors like population growth, and the preference of the population, this can help the researcher come up with expansion strategies for the company. Technological environment: this analysis outlines the technologies that can be integrated into the operations of the company to make them efficient (Yksel, 2012). Finally, from the PEST analysis the researcher can come up with a SWOT of the company that identifies the competitive advantage, threats, and opportunities that United Petroleum has on the market (GraysVasilecas, 2014). Solutions After analysis of the internal environment of the company, the researcher find out that company was not productive according to its capacity and the productivity of the market. Among the major factors that contributed, to under productivity was lack of technological integration to make the internal process efficient. Moreover, the researcher ascertained that the strategies utilized by the company were not efficient in the market due to competition. On the other hand, the external environment analysis showed that government policies and shifting oil prices hinder the growth of the company. Thus, after analysis and comparison of the available resources, the researcher concluded that new technologies were necessary to reduce the cost of production and make its internal process efficient through reduction of inventories. Moreover, the researcher observed that there is need to change the external market approach to make use of its competitive advantage as an established company in the mar ket. Integration To address the problem of under productivity and high cost of production the company can automate some of its internal processes to reduce human error thus increasing production efficiency. Moreover, the company can use new technologies to manage its inventories, this can help reduce losses incurred due to bulk inventories. Nonetheless, the company can diversify into other market and products to insure it from the shifting oil prices. Also diversifying can help the company increase its market share thus increasing productivity. Costing The following are the necessary cost elements of the projects: Budget Item Amount Sub-Total A Personnel Project administration and data analysis $300 Administrative assistance, data analysis $300 Total Personnel Expenses $600 b Direct Expenses Transcription of interview tapes $500 Total Direct Expense $5,00 c Travel Traveling to location $100 Total Travel Expense $100 Total Expense $1200 Validation As discussed above, the suggested solutions can be validated by comparing the experience and outcome of other companies that have made their internal process efficient. However, united petroleum Seaton can observe itscost of operations after integrating the above solutions to ascertain its effectiveness. This is because making internal operations efficient is aimed at reducing the cost of operations within the company. List of References Aip.com.au. (2016). Facts about Petrol Prices and the Australian Fuel Market. [online] Available at: https://www.aip.com.au/pricing/facts/Facts_about_Petrol_Prices_and_the_Australian_Fuel_Market.htm [Accessed 1 Oct. 2016]. Bhardwaj, A. (2016). Challenges and Solutions in an Upstream and Downstream Oil and Gas Operation. Global Energy newsroom. Retrieved 3 October 2016, from https://globalenergy.pr.co/65678-challenges-and-solutions-in-an-upstream-and-downstream-oil-and-gas-operation Corrigan, J. (2016). 2015 Oil and Gas Trends. [online] Strategyand.pwc.com. Available at: https://www.strategyand.pwc.com/perspectives/2015-oil-gas-trends [Accessed 1 Oct. 2016]. Gillard, J. (2012). New Capabilities to Allow us to Prosper. Australian Journal of Public Administration, 71(1), pp.1-5. Grays, R. and Vasilecas, O. (2014). Analysis And Evaluation Of Business Process Simulation Tools. Mokslas - Lietuvosateitis, 6(2), pp.157-161. Ortiz, D. (2007). Research Design: Qualitative, Quantitative, and Mixed Methods Approaches [Book Review]. Qualitative Research Journal, 6(2), pp.[205]-207. Rahman, M., Shahbaz, M. and Farooq, A. (2015). Financial Development, International Trade, and Economic Growth in Australia: New Evidence From Multivariate Framework Analysis. Journal of Asia-Pacific Business, 16(1), pp.21-43. Sabiroglu, I., Bashirli, S. and Qasimli, F. (2011). Creating a Favourable Deployment Mechanism of Oil and Gas Revenues with Regard to Volatile Oil Prices: The Case of Azerbaijan. Transition Studies Review, 18(1), pp.179-199. Sullivan, D. (2011). Increasing Employee Productivity: The Strategic Role That HR Essentially Ignores | ERE. Eremedia.com. Retrieved 3 October 2016, from https://www.eremedia.com/ere/increasing-employee-productivity-the-strategic-role-that-hr-essentially-ignores/ Tisdell, J. (2011). Water markets in Australia: an experimental analysis of alternative market mechanisms. Australian Journal of Agricultural and Resource Economics, 55(4), pp.500-517. Unitedpetroleum.com.au. (2016). United Petroleum. [online] Available at: https://www.unitedpetroleum.com.au/united/about-us [Accessed 1 Oct. 2016].